Family Pictures (WMS–III) and Picture Memory (WRAML–II) require attention to details, as well as visual scanning and search abilities. For example, in the Faces subtest, the distracter faces are similar to one of the target faces. As far as executive functioning or attention to detail is concerned, the Designs subtest is comparable to most visual memory measures in this respect. Most visual memory measures do not enable the examiner to differentiate the nature of the visual memory problem and, therefore, makes interpretation more difficult. This follows the segmentation of the visual system that has a dorsal stream, which processes primarily visual-spatial aspects of memory and the ventral stream that processes visual details with the purpose of attaching verbal labels where possible. The Designs subtest was developed specifically to measure spatial and detail segments of memory functioning, as well as the integration of these in recall. The Faces subtest is useful for specific types of memory evaluations, but results may not operate as expected as a general indicator of visual memory. Faces generally has low communality with other memory measures. The WMS–III Faces subtest has a relatively high guess rate that lowers its reliability relative to other memory tasks. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, 361.Face memory is a specific type of memory function that is often impaired in clinical groups with known social perception deficits (e.g., Schizophrenia, Autism) and is sometimes sensitive to right–left differences in temporal lobe epilepsy. Digit span in right and left hemiplegics. Weinberg, J., Diller, L., Gerstman, L., & Schulman, L. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. The Wechsler adult intelligence scale-III. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Corporation. The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (3rd ed.). The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (1st ed.). The measurement of intelligence: An explanation of and a complete guide for the use of the Stanford revision and extension of the Binet-Simon intelligence scale. Relation of forward and backward digit repetition to neurological impairment in children with learning disabilities. Measurements of short-term memory: A historical review. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 12, 29–40. Forward and backward memory span should not be combined for clinical analysis. Separate digits tests: A brief history, a literature review, and a reexamination of the factor structure of the Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. The Clinical Neuropsychologist – Vascular Dementia Special Edition, 18, 83–100. From Binswanger’s disease to Leukoaraiosis: What we have learned about subcortical vascular dementia. Alterations in working memory as a function of leukoaraiosis in dementia. Capacity to maintain mental set in dementia. The impact of region-specific leukoaraiosis on working memory deficits in dementia. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation. The WAIS-R as a neuropsychological instrument. Kaplan, E., Fein, D., Morris, R., & Delis, D. Washington, DC: The American Psychological Association. Bryant (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology and brain function: Research, measurement, and practice: Master lectures. A process approach to neuropsychological assessment. Mechanism in thought and morals: An address delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard University, June 29, 1870, with notes and afterthoughts. Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology (Ruger HA and Bussenius CE, Trans) (Original work published in 1885). Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 17, 74–83.Įbbinghaus, H. Clock drawing errors in dementia: Neuropsychological and neuroanatomic considerations. Bower, The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (vol.
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